Understanding the Roots of Conflict in the Middle East
The conflict in the Middle East is one of the most complex issues in modern history, with deep and diverse roots. One of the main causes of this conflict is historical and cultural differences between existing countries and ethnic groups. The divisions between Sunnis and Shiites, the two main branches of Islam, have created fatal tensions that often lead to violence. For example, differences in interpretation of teachings and spiritual authority between the two sects have sparked conflict in countries such as Iraq and Syria.
Apart from that, the presence of abundant natural resources, especially oil, also triggers competition. Oil-producing countries are often caught up in global power dynamics, where major powers seek to influence their policies in favor of economic interests. Foreign intervention, as occurred in Iraq after the 2003 invasion, often worsens the situation and creates chaos that prolongs the conflict.
Political aspects also play an important role. Many countries in the Middle East, such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Türkiye, have authoritarian governments that hinder democratic processes. Repression of the opposition, as well as violations of human rights, create popular discontent that often leads to protest movements and even revolutions. The Arab Spring phenomenon in 2011 is a clear example of how socio-political dissatisfaction can trigger upheaval in several countries at once.
The Palestinian issue is also one of the inevitable roots of conflict in this region. Dissatisfaction with Israel’s policies towards Palestinians and the continued expansion of settlements in areas considered Palestinian territory has given rise to deep animosity. This dispute not only created condemnation from Arab countries but also involved many other countries in the world, complicating the situation further.
Ethnic and identity conflicts also contribute to tensions. Kurds, spread across countries such as Türkiye, Iran, Iraq and Syria, are often marginalized and struggle to gain autonomy or recognition of their rights. Tensions between these ethnic groups exacerbate the situation and add layers of frustration that are difficult to resolve.
Climate change and its impact on natural resources, such as water, are also worsening the situation. Water crises in countries such as Jordan and Iraq add to the challenges for governments already struggling to meet the basic needs of their citizens.
Poor education and the spread of extremist ideology are also causes of ongoing conflict. Young people who do not receive adequate education become vulnerable to the propaganda of extremist groups, which offer radical solutions to social problems.
By understanding the roots of this conflict, it is clear that resolution will not be possible without a comprehensive approach, involving dialogue between groups, and addressing the basic issues that are the source of tension. International diplomacy and established peace require time, collective effort, and a commitment to respecting human rights throughout the Middle East region.